Netherlands |
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In the Netherlands, the Council of State (Raad van State) is a constitutionally established advisory body to the government which consists of members of the royal family and Crown-appointed members generally having political, commercial, diplomatic, or military experience. The Council of State must be consulted by the cabinet on proposed legislation before a law is submitted to the parliament. The Council of State Administrative Law section also serves as a court of appeal for citizens against executive branch decisions. The Queen is President of the Council of State but she seldom chairs meetings. The Vice-President of the Council of State chairs meetings in the Queens' absence. Under Dutch Constitutional Law the Vice-President of the Council is acting Head of State when there is no Monarch; e.g. if the Royal Family were to become extinct.
Name | Period |
---|---|
Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp | 1814-1816 |
Joihan Hendrik Mollerus | 1817-1829 |
Willem II van Oranje-Nassau | 1829-1840 |
Hendrik Jacob van Doorn van Westcapelle | 1841-1848 |
Willem Gerard van de Poll | 1848-1858 |
Ænæus Mackay | 1862-1876 |
Gerlach Cornelis Joannes van Reenen | 1876-1893 |
Johan Æmilius Abraham van Panhuys | 1893-1897 |
Johan Willem Meinard Schorer | 1897-1903 |
Peter Joannes van Swinderen | 1903-1912 |
Joan Röell | 1912-1914 |
Willem Fredrik van Leeuwen | 1914-1928 |
Fredrik Alexander Carel van Lynden van Sandenburg | 1928-1932 |
Frans Beelaerts van Blokland | 1933-1956 |
Bram Rutgers | 1956-1959 |
Louis Beel | 1959-1972 |
Marinus Ruppert | 1973-1980 |
Willem Scholten | 1980-1997 |
Herman Tjeenk Willink | 1997-2012 |
Piet Hein Donner | 2012- |